International holidays - International Day of Human Space Flight

On April 12, 1961, man flew into space for the first time He became a military pilot of the third class, senior lieutenant Yuri Gagarin, a citizen of the USSR The Vostok-1 spacecraft launched at 907 am from the Baikonur Cosmodrome Having completed one revolution around the planet, Yuri Gagarin returned safely to Earth An event of this magnitude resonated throughout the world The UN General Assembly in 1968 decided to consider April 12 a holiday - the International Day of Human Space Flight In the USSR, this holiday had a different name On the initiative of German Titov, a colleague of Yu Gagarin, April 12 became Cosmonautics Day Researchers, technology development engineers, military personnel, and specialists from rocket manufacturing and aviation enterprises participate in preparations for orbital flights They, along with cosmonauts, celebrate their professional holiday on April 12 The sky has beckoned people for many millennia Astronomers studied celestial bodies, stars and comets, and their interactions The ancient Greeks called the system of the universe, the universal order and structure of life kosmos This word appeared in Russian language dictionaries in 1861 100 years later, man flew into space for the first time Before this, there was a landing on the Moon in 1959 by a Soviet interplanetary station These events were followed by other milestones in the development of near-Earth orbit: • 1963 - the flight of the first female cosmonaut V Tereshkova; • 1965 - A Leonov’s exit from the spacecraft into open space; • 1969 - the first spacecraft flight to the Moon "Apollo 11" from the USA with 2 astronauts on board;• 1970 - landing of a satellite on Venus;• 1971 - descent to the Red Planet of the Soviet apparatus "Mars-3";• 1971 - launch of a manned station into orbit "Salyut"; • 1977 - flight of 2 NASA Voyager spacecraft, which took photographs of planets of the solar system and their satellites distant from Earth; • 1984 - first exit from the spacecraft of female cosmonaut S Savitskaya; • 1986 - start of operation of the Mir orbital station, built on a modular principle;• 1990 - entry into orbit of the "eye of humanity" - the Hubble telescope;• 1998 - launch of the International Space Station;• 2019 - landing on the Moon of the Chinese apparatus "Chang'e-4" In orbit, astronauts conduct experiments that are unthinkable under the conditions of Earth's gravity, collect information about space objects and repair the ISS After Yuri Gagarin, 564 people from 40 countries have been in space The activities of these brave people and professionals bring great benefits to the inhabitants of the Earth After Gagarin's flight, the name "Yuri" became one of the most popular in the USSR Civil registry offices began to register boys twice as often, whom their parents called the first cosmonaut in the world After 2 years, newborn girls began to be given the name “Valentina” in honor of Tereshkova These facts indicate the extraordinary popularity of the astronaut profession Pilots who were in the uppermost layer of the atmosphere and rose above the Earth to an altitude of 450 km or more were considered celestials They were proud to meet them; the arrival of astronauts in any country or city became an event of historical proportions Educational institutions and libraries, streets, boulevards and city squares, craters on the Moon and oases in Antarctica were named in their honor In order to get into the Soviet cosmonaut corps, it was necessary to go through a strict selection process Preparation for a flight into Earth orbit consisted of regularly performing a set of exercises and stress on the body that even professional athletes could not endure The astronauts knew about the technical imperfections and shortcomings of the ships, but still went on flight Thus, pilot Vladimir Komarov, a friend of Yu Gagarin, died at the age of 40 during the descent of Soyuz-1 in April 1961 due to a failure of the parachute system Putting a spacecraft into Earth orbit both 60 years ago and today, despite the high level of development of science and technology, is associated with a risk to life Paying tribute to the feat of Yuri Gagarin, the whole world celebrates April 12 International Day of Human Space Flight - International Day of Human Space Flight